Biosynthesization of ZnO/CuO Nanocomposites in Orange Peel Crude Extract for Antibacterial Activities
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) in particular ZnO and CuO are inorganic nanomaterials used in application areas such as electronics, communication, chemical/biological sensors, cosmetics, environmental remediation, biomedicinal industry, energy preservation, photocatalysis, and microbial growth inhibition. This study focused on the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs, CuO NPs, and ZnO/CuO nanocomposites (NCs) in orange fruit extract to investigate the growth inhibition of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The crystal structure, functional group, and energy band gap of as-synthesized NPs and NCs were characterized with the aid of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic techniques, respectively. Consequently, the XRD results confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite phase, and the average crystallite sizes of the nanomaterials of 22.71-33.89, 16.46-33.04 and 16.76-26.89 nm for ZnO NPs, CuO NPs, and ZnO/CuO NCs synthesized with and without orange peel extract, respectively while the vibrational stretching obtained around 476 and 564 cm-1 confirmed the presence of Zn-O, and Cu-O bond, respectively. The characteristic absorption spectrum observed at 285 nm supported the synthesization of ZnO/CuO NCs within a very narrow energy bandgap. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the ZnO/CuO with orange peel extract (WE) NCs, ZnO (WE) and CuO (WE) were significantly higher as compared to that without orange fruit extracts (WoE) NPs/NCs. The results show that the NPs and NCs synthesized WE had a high potential growth inhibition zone against gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) ranges from 16.67 to 12.00 mm and gram-negative bacteria (P. aeroginosa) ranges 16.00 to 12.30 mm. In this study, we have discovered that the green synthesized ZnO/CuO NCs can be introduced as a promising anti-bacterial agent and so applicable to cure microbial strain-based infectious diseases.
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